Common Gastrointestinal ( Gi ) Medical Emergency - 1424 Words

Pathophysiology Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) medical emergency that occurs in neonates. Although it commonly affects premature babies, it can happen in term babies as well. It usually occurs during the first two to four weeks of life in premature babies and in one to three days for up to one month in term babies. For the premature babies, their organs are not fully developed and it puts them at risk for disease. It is an acute inflammatory disease that is characterized by damage to the intestinal tract and can range from mucosal injury (the lining of the intestines), to full thickness necrosis (where the tissue dies) and perforation (where there is a hole in the intestine. The exact cause is unknown but some ideas are that babies have underdeveloped intestines, there may have been too little oxygen or blood flow to the intestines, injury to the intestinal tract, a heavy growth of bacteria in the intestines that erodes the intestinal wall, a nd formula feedings. Although NEC can occur anywhere in the intestines and colon, it commonly affects the terminal ileum (where the small intestine connects to the large intestine) and the proximal ascending colon. Assessment A baby with NEC may present with one or more of the following signs or symptoms: a swollen, red, or tender belly, that increased in girth; a feeding intolerance; delayed gastric emptying; decreased bowel sounds; constipation, diarrhea or bloody stools; a low or unstableShow MoreRelatedThe Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Known As Crohn s Disease ( Cd )1291 Words   |  6 PagesUlcerative Colitis, but it is much less common and it can affect both the large and small intestines. 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