Common Gastrointestinal ( Gi ) Medical Emergency - 1424 Words

Pathophysiology Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) medical emergency that occurs in neonates. Although it commonly affects premature babies, it can happen in term babies as well. It usually occurs during the first two to four weeks of life in premature babies and in one to three days for up to one month in term babies. For the premature babies, their organs are not fully developed and it puts them at risk for disease. It is an acute inflammatory disease that is characterized by damage to the intestinal tract and can range from mucosal injury (the lining of the intestines), to full thickness necrosis (where the tissue dies) and perforation (where there is a hole in the intestine. The exact cause is unknown but some ideas are that babies have underdeveloped intestines, there may have been too little oxygen or blood flow to the intestines, injury to the intestinal tract, a heavy growth of bacteria in the intestines that erodes the intestinal wall, a nd formula feedings. Although NEC can occur anywhere in the intestines and colon, it commonly affects the terminal ileum (where the small intestine connects to the large intestine) and the proximal ascending colon. Assessment A baby with NEC may present with one or more of the following signs or symptoms: a swollen, red, or tender belly, that increased in girth; a feeding intolerance; delayed gastric emptying; decreased bowel sounds; constipation, diarrhea or bloody stools; a low or unstableShow MoreRelatedThe Inflammatory Bowel Disorder Known As Crohn s Disease ( Cd )1291 Words   |  6 PagesUlcerative Colitis, but it is much less common and it can affect both the large and small intestines. According to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA), there are currently about 700,000 individuals in America currently suffering from CD (Foundation, 2015). Pathophysiology of Crohn’s Disease The pathogenesis of CD is defined as a â€Å"dysregulated proinflammatory response to commensal gut bacteria† (Lashner, 2013). CD can afflict any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, usuallyRead MoreAn Autosomal Dominant Disorder995 Words   |  4 PagesReport: A 49-year-old female presented to the emergency department with generalized weakness for seven days. Associated symptoms included nausea, hematemesis, bloody sputum, and transient intermittent dark stool. She denied: chest pain, dizziness, or chills. The patient has a history of extensive nosebleeds since adolescence that, according to the patient, could fill a cup with blood. Her condition has continued despite multiple admissions and medical therapies. The patient admits to a history ofRead MoreWhat is Pica?1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of Pica is a term that is refers to ingesting, cravings or argues of substances that are not foods items. Some of the most common items indigested by patients with pica are dirt, sand, clay, glue, ice, chalk, beeswax, hair, and laundry starch. The reason for patients having this cravings is because the patient is diagnosed with a nutritional deficiency state, such as iron-deficiency like anemia and a number of many other physiological disturbances in humans brains it have been associatedRead MoreCase Study Of Acute Abdomen1716 Words   |  7 PagesPerforation †n=30† 80.00% 79.7% Intestinal obstruction †n=60† 81.67% 91.0% Total †n=200† 81.0% 83.0% Figure 1.Cholecystitis: US findings. Multiple gallstones associated with gallbladder wall thickened Figure 2. Invagination of 1 portion of the GI tract (intussusceptum) into the lumen of another (intussuscipiens); this is often referred to as the target sign when seen in the transverse plane because of the multiple layers of adjacent intestinal walls. Figure 3. Ultrasound of small intestinalRead MoreTaking a Look at Crohns Disease1552 Words   |  6 Pagesmay show a lack of interest in the social aspect of life due to illness, and may demonstrate these traits to avoid embarrassment. Jobs and work life have to be comprised, for example patients need to have bathroom timeouts as well as always have emergency bag ready. Nutritional aspects have to comprise due to the illness. There will need to be a high intake of fruits and vegetables for adequate nutritional intake. Certain fruits and vegetables like strawberries due to the small seeds and apples becauseRead MoreAutonomic Dysreflexia2559 Words   |  11 Pagesfunction below the level of injury. The degree varies between sensory and motor loss due to the level of injury (Lewis, 2014). There are three levels of injury, those being cervical, thoracic, and lumbar. Lumbar and cervical injuries are the most common due to movement and increased flexibility (Lewis, 2014). Depending on the degree of injury you may become a paraplegic or a tetraplegia. Paraplegia is a loss of sensation in the trunk and lower limbs due to the thoracic cord in the lumbar spineRead MorePathogram: Chronic Respiratory Failure Essays7624 Words   |  31 Pages Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 340: Critical Care |Assessment |Medical/Nursing Diagnoses |Treatment | |Brief review of the patient |Medical Diagnoses: |Therapeutic Modalities Read MoreAlcohol3150 Words   |  13 Pagesand respiration Possible death 0.45 + Death Death from respiratory arrest ________________________________________ Absorption Alcohol is absorbed from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract largely by simple diffusion into the blood. However the small intestine is by far the most efficient region of the gastrointestinal tract for alcohol absorption because of its very large surface area. In a fasting individual, it is generally agreed that 10% to 20% of a dose of alcohol is absorbed from theRead MoreEssay about module 4 PPA2319 Words   |  10 PagesLetters Represent Context Definition or Application within the Patient’s Chart Source Document From Jane’s Dare Medical Record found on bottom of Medical Record pages†¦ 1. ICD International Classifications of Diseases, Ninth Revision Published by WHO This is a systematic classification of diagnosis codes. These codes are numeric and alphanumeric codes that represent medical diagnoses ADMISSION SUMMARY 2. CM Clinical Modification This abbreviation out of context belongs collectivelyRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Ischaemic Stroke3490 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: Mr X, a 60 year- old Caucasian male, admitted to the stroke unit with a diagnosis Left MCA infract. He presented to the emergency department right sided hemiparesis, neglect of affected limbs, dysphasia and right side facial droop. He was on cardiac monitor for close observation for 48 hours. Stroke critical care pathway and commenced and care provided as per protocol.. Stroke is a serious and deadly condition including cerebral circulation within the brain and can extremely affect

Recovering Addicts in the Field of Substance Abuse Counseling Free Essays

RECOVERING ADDICTS IN THE FIELD OF SUBTANCE ABUSE COUSELING Is Substance Abuse Counseling a good career for a convicted felon and recovering drug addict? A person’s past mistakes in life can sometimes prevent that person from getting certain jobs later in life. With a prior criminal record some employers may not consider that individual as a good candidate for the job. Substance abuse counselors can be needed in hospitals, institutions, rehab centers, schools, and other government ran facilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovering Addicts in the Field of Substance Abuse Counseling or any similar topic only for you Order Now With a felony conviction against your criminal back ground check, government ran facilities normally will not hire convicted felons due to higher risk of a liability. Personal background checks are sometimes required as well and if that individual has a past known drug addiction, employers may seem skeptical of hiring. It has however been acknowledged that a recovering drug addict will make a better candidate than someone with no past drug addiction. A recovering drug addict has experienced personally the addiction, struggles, and with drawls that are present when trying to become sober. Close to 100,000 people in the US work in recovery related jobs earning their living as drug counselors,†techs†,or social workers at the hospital treatment programs and thousands of rehabs across the country. Most people who enter the field of substance abuse counseling have some kind of personal connection with the problem. More than 50% are recovering drug addicts themselves or have family members or close friends that are addicts. A strange twist on the famous Hunter S. Thompson’s quote â€Å"When the going get weird, the weird turn pro. With a personal connection to a past life of drug/alcohol use it usually tends to mean substance abuse counselors are incredibly passionate and dedicated. There is however a downside. Many addicts even significant amount of sober time, are at risk of a relapse. When substance abuse counselors stumbles, the consequences are often more crucial than that of someone who is not in that type of career. Cynthia Moreno Tuchy, the EXECT UCTIVE DIRECTOR of THE NATIONAL ASSIOCATION OF ALOCHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE COUNSELORS (NAADAC) puts a rather fine point on it. We (chemical dependency professionals) do very well treating clients in general; we don’t do so for the professionals in recovery. We tend to blame the victim –we say you have a disease, but we are not recognizing relapse is part of that disease cycle. Why would we not do for addiction counselors as we would for everyone else? † She says. Most graduate programs in chemical dependency require applicants to have significant time free-typical a year or two-from chemical use and in most states licensing boards require similar amounts of clean times. When a substance abuse counselor relapses, they violate that condition and normally lose their jobs. The climb back tends to be quite steep. While relapse of a counselor poses danger to patients, the biggest threat is actually to the person who relapses. â€Å"Anecdotally the recovery rate for persons who work in the field that relapse is abysmal. † Says Chuck Rice. Counselors who do relapse, may continue to escalate with their relapse for fear of losing their job and can go untreated and hit rock bottom once again, which could have been a simple slip up if treatment was assemble as sought. Many people, who make a living in the recovery field, complain over time, it can become easy for professionals to blur the line between demands of personal recovery and the demand of their job. Giving the low success rate at many rehabs, burn out is a major issue. â€Å"When you work in the field,† says John Leonard, â€Å"The last thing you want to do when you get off work is to go to a meeting. † Furthermore, recovering substance abuse counselors get used to being the one with the answers, the experiences, and creditability. It’s easy to confuse work with their own personal recovery programs. The irony is that support and safety nets that exist for other professionals who fall victim to addiction does not exist for people who work in this field. â€Å"Sobriety rates of monitored professionals exceed 90%† Says Chuck Rice, â€Å"A rate far above the average general population. † Touhy estimates that 85,000 people in the addiction work force an as many 30,000 are recovering addicts. Without a national monitoring system and strong areas of informal support, these professional who work every day helping others to a clean life will go without the support they need and deserve. As the recovery field grows, so will the need for the professional working to help make the system work. If a system such as this is established I believe it is possible and a good choice career for a recovering addict to pursue a career as a substance abuse counselor despite the risk and triggers that can lead to relapse many counselors and people working in the addiction field can relate to current addicts lifestyles and be grateful they are not on that path themselves. Having desired to help others recover from addiction because they themselves re in recovery there is hope in knowing that recovery is possible because they have achieved it. There was an incident that happened in 2009 that captured the national news. Adam â€Å"DJ AM† Goldstein, host of MTV GONE TO FAR intervention reality series, was found dead at his New York City apartment from a drug overdose. DJ AM had just finished filming the MTV intervention reality series when he himself relapsed and died from a drug overdose. He had been sober for eleven years and had hoped to help others beat drug addiction. Goldstein admitted before his death that watching the videos filmed by Gone to Far’s addicts and loved ones was a â€Å"terrifying† experience. Goldstein stated,† I am a recovering drug addict. When I see and I am in their room and the paraphernalia and the whole lifestyle and everything, I still, eleven years later, have little thing in my head that starts thinking, Oh, Where’s that? , I wonder what that is? And I look at it in this way, And I have to constantly remind myself why I’m here and remember what it was like. â€Å"There’s no better way to remember what it was like at my bottom than to see someone at their bottom, and to help them and lift them up. † Nick Zybko wrote that nearly 40% of substance abuse counselors relapse over the course of their career. The need for substance abuse counselors is growing in today society. With economic failures and job layoffs, more people today are at a greater risk in turning to drugs or alco hol to escape and run from their problems. Counselors and other professional workers in the addiction fields are continuing to search for roles to help society deal with substance abuse. Counselors are aware of the destruction it causes to individuals, families, businesses, and other organizations caused by dependency on alcohol or other drugs. One factor in important quality needed in a successful intervention and recovery with counselor and patient is empathy, genuineness’s, warmth, immediacy. Paired along with effective helping skills, such as questioning, comforting, self-disclosing, clarifying, and other skills common to the counseling process. Most substance abuse counselors who are recovering addicts can relate to the patients on a more personal level and a patient-counselor trusting relationship can be better formed. Each organization and treatment facilities differs from state to state as to what credentials you need to pursue a career as a substance abuse counselor. All facilities I have researched are accepting to recovering addicts as long as there is a sobriety of one to two years. Most recovering addicts have a criminal background record as well due to the â€Å"addiction disease†. There are some rehabs a treatment facilities that only hire certified substance abuse counselors who are in fact recovering addicts even with a criminal record. As long as the substance abuse counselor is not on probation or parole this type of career is perfect for a recovering addict with a criminal past who has the desire to help others recover from addictions. As with any career and everyday life, a recovering addict is always at risk of relapse because of the disease. Perusing a career as substance abuse counselor has it downfalls as well as its advantages. Living a drug free life and remaining in recovery is important no matter the choice of career. I have pondered throughout most of my life as to what type of career I want in life and now that I am at a point in my life to making positive changes, I feel substance abuse counseling is an excellent choice for myself and perhaps others who have lead a similar life to myself and have the want and desire and even personal experience and knowledge to help others recover from their addictions to live a healthy happy life without drugs or alcohol. Sally Hughes Smh1976@email. phoenix. edu How to cite Recovering Addicts in the Field of Substance Abuse Counseling, Essay examples

Multinational company operating in Australia Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Identify a Multinational Company Operating in Australia. Provide a Brief Description of the Company2.Identify any Regulatory framework/s affecting the Multinational Company you have Identified Operating in Australia and Discuss why and how it affects the Company.3.Identify any treaties, Conventions or Agreements that have Impacted on the Products or Services that Multinational Company Provides in Australia. How does it Impact the Goods/Services? Answers: 1.Rio Tinto is operated in Australia for more than 100 years and now this company has almost 200000 shareholders which is really a huge number. As per the database of the company more than half global asset of the companies is in Australia. Company is engaged in the production of Iron ore, bauxite, aluminium, alumina, coal, uranium, diamonds and salt, and this production is carried on almost more than thirty operating sites and processing plants in Australia. Company makes commitment to environmental protection, and wants to build sustainable and resilient communities, and wants to make safe environment for future generation (Rio Tinto, n.d.). Industry in which this company operates is mining and metal industry, which is the most important industry of Australia and this Rio Tinto is the big player of this industry.Rio Tinto employed almost 23000 employees in Australia.In 2015 company has almost 54938 employees at global level, and in 2016 51030 employees are employed at global level (IBIS, 2015; Statista, 2016).Companys headquarters are situated in London and UK. 2.In Australia, regulations related to mining industry in environmental framework are based on the environmental regulations of developing body, and these laws are developed because it is the responsibility of each state government to protect and conserve the environment from the activities of mining industry. The purpose of developing these legislations is to make sure that proposals related mining must complied with the obligations related to environment which are imposed on them. Generally, three stages are set for conducting this process:First stage deals with the requirement for framing the proposal in which developer must include environmental protection plan.Second stage of this process is known as assessment stage in which government conduct the assessment of the project after receiving the proposal from the projecct developer.Last stage of this process deals with the government approval, in this stage authority of the government decide whether they have to approve the projec t or not in the context of environmental obligations (Chambers and company, n.d.). Process stated by government not only provide benefit to environment but it also provide benefit to the company such as company is able to avoid the later cost which incurred at last stage of the project, and because of assessment transparency increases related to laws of mining industry (Safe work Australia, n.d.). The preparation of project for the purpose of this process is stated in Regulation 65 of Mining Regulations 2011 (Mining regulations, 2011). 3.Kyoto Protocol- this agreement is based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the main purpose to frame this protocol is to take commitment from parties for the purpose of stating the targets related to the reduction of international binding emission. As per this protocol developed countries are the largest contributor of GHG because of the industrial activities they conduct from last 150 years. Through Kyoto Protocol, pressure is put on such countries on the basis of common principles with different responsibilities. This protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11th December 1997, and forced on 16th February 2005. Rules related to implementation of this protocol were adopted in Marrakesh, Morocco, and because of this these rules were named as Marrakesh Accords (UNFCCC, n.d.). In case of Rio Tinto, the principles of this protocol directly affect the products and services of the company because of this company always try to mitigate the risk of its activi ties on environment. By following the principles of Kyoto protocol BHP Billiton can also set targets for reducing the impact on its projects on natural environment. Cartagena Protocol on Bio safety to the Convention on Biological Diversity- In Nairobi, this convention related to Biodiversity was finalized on May 1992, and it is opened for commitment on 5th June 1992 in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro. This agreement was forced on 29th December 1993, and for the critical issue like biodiversity this convention is considered as the important instrument which is recognized at international level. The approach of this convention towards biodiversity is holistic in nature, and it also ensures the sustainable use of natural resources. It also state the principles related to fair and equal sharing of benefits that are derived from natural resources. Biosafety is the main and important issue which is raised and addressed by this convention, and it also includes the issues related to human health protection and natural environment protection against the effect of new biotechnology. However, it must be no ted that as per this agreement biotechnology is also contributing in the development of human life and it also help basic needs fulfillment such as food, agriculture, and health care. This convention recognizes the both aspects of biotechnology. On one hand this convention not only provides access to technology but also state the transfer of technology such as biotechnology, because it is necessary for conserving the biological diversity and ensuring its sustainable use. On the other hand, the convention ensures the protection of biotechnology through procedural development because of the main aim of this convention, and it also reduces the threats related to biological diversity. This convention derives principles on various other issues such as risk to human health. This convention affects the products and services of Rio Tinto because an activity of this company disturbs the land, and maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystems for future generations is important for safe future ( CPD, n.d.). References: CBD. Cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological Diversity. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cartagena-protocol-en.pdf. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. Chambers and Company. An Overview of the Australian Legal Framework for Mining Projects in Australia. Available at: https://www.chamberslawyers.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/10/060518-Presentation-Eng.pdf. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. IBIS, (2015). Overview. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/mining/plc--rio-tinto-limited-company.html. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. Migration Regulations 2011- Regulation 65. Rio Tinnto. Rio Tinto in Australia. Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/australia-9559.aspx. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. Safe Work Australia. Mining. Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/whs-information/mining/pages/mining. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. Statista, (2016). Number of employees at Rio Tinto from 2006 to 2016 (in thousands). Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272483/rio-tinto-number-of-employees-since-2006/. Accessed on 23rd April 2017. UNFCCC. Kyoto Protocol. Available at: https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php. Accessed on 23rd April 2017.